The basic safety requirements include: overloading, over length, over height, off load, and single fork operation are strictly prohibited. The weight of the loaded items must be within the allowable load range of the transport vehicle, and the length of the fork should be greater than the length of the pallet. It is strictly prohibited to carry people or slide freely on landslides, and personnel are strictly prohibited from standing on forks to lift and work. The operating speed should not exceed 3 kilometers per hour. When turning, slow down and do not use on muddy or uneven ground. It is strictly prohibited to use on slopes; When passing through a slope in special circumstances, the slope inclination should be ≤ 2%, and the fork arm should face the downhill direction. The operator must not stand directly in front of the forklift. During homework, the body parts should be kept away from the vicinity of mechanical lifting components and below the forks. Do not handle unstable or loosely packaged goods, and do not use forklifts to handle compressed and liquefied gas cylinders. When handling other hazardous chemicals, use specialized containers and take safety measures. After use, the fork should be lowered to the lowest position and stored in the designated area; When the forklift is stationary, it is strictly prohibited to turn the steering wheel in a direction perpendicular to the fork [6-7].

Before operation, it is necessary to check whether the hydraulic cylinder has leaks, whether the pulley device is effective, and whether there are foreign objects entangled. Any one of them that is not qualified is prohibited from use. The operation steps are divided into: when pressing, turn the control handle to the lower position, press the direction handle to press, and it is strictly prohibited to exceed the weight limit; When pulling goods off the ground, turn the control handle to the middle position and drag slowly; When unloading, turn the control handle to the upper position to release the pressure until the goods land on the ground; When the vehicle is running empty, it should be appropriately pressed and raised to avoid wear on the front axle support frame [7].

Regular inspection of brackets and fasteners, tightening of loose axles and nuts, and checking of welds or support plates are necessary for maintenance and repair; Regularly add lubricating oil to the friction parts of the wheel axle, sealing ring, and roller bearing; Visually inspect the wear of the casters to ensure normal rotation and no foreign objects entangling them. Replace the damaged casters and tighten the axle with locking washers and nuts after replacement.

In actual homework, accidents occur frequently due to overloading or illegal operations. For example, when a worker in a certain factory used a manual forklift to transport over 300 pounds of racks, the heavy weight caused the person, rack, and forklift to slip off together, resulting in 1 death and 1 injury; A company directly placed goods on a forklift without using pallets, and the goods overturned while pulling the forklift, resulting in death. These cases warn that overloading should be avoided, and risk analysis and safety protection should be carried out when loading and unloading heavy, high, and large goods. Personnel are strictly prohibited from standing in the direction where the goods may tip over.

In addition, the industry often refers to the following safety regulations to strengthen management: the "Five Musts" include immediately stopping work when other personnel at the work site do not maintain a safe distance from the forklift, slowing down and sounding the horn to confirm when driving at intersections, turning off the engine and pulling the handbrake when parking, conducting daily inspections before starting work, and following the principle of "stop calling" if any abnormalities are found. The "eight checks per day" include checking the cooling water, engine oil, handbrake and foot brake, headlights, turn signals, reverse lights, reverse buzzer and hazard warning lights, fan windows, and appearance. The "Ten Prohibitions" include not driving while lifting or lowering forks, not using inertia to unload goods, not using a single fork for operation, not overloading operations, not using braking inertia to slide circular or rolling goods, not using forks to directly shovel flammable and explosive materials, not standing on forks or pallets for operation, not lifting goods above 30cm for long-distance driving, not using forks to lift and collide with pallets for unloading, and not exceeding the speed limit [7].

The circuit system adopts waterproof joints with IP54 protection level, and the surface of the hydraulic cylinder is treated with galvanized moisture-proof treatment. The emergency braking device can automatically lock the fork when the tilt angle exceeds 3 °, preventing the cargo from slipping. The operating handle integrates a mechanical locking mechanism, which can fix the fork position when not in use.